The Basis of Civil Liability for Robot Damage - A Comparative Study
أساس المسؤولية المدنية عن أضرار الإنسان الآلي دراسة مقارنة
This comparative academic study examines the legal basis of civil liability for damages caused by robots in Iraqi and comparative law. It evaluates the limitations of applying traditional civil liability rules—such as liability for things or vicarious liability—and analyzes modern legislative trends, including the European Parliament's rules on robotics and proposals for a 'human agent' concept or electronic legal personality. The study recommends legislative amendments to Iraq's civil law to address the legal vacuum surrounding artificial intelligence.
Summary and content fields are drawn from the document text and are pending editorial review.
Who issued it
Who it governs
This study should be read by legal researchers, legislators, and policymakers seeking to understand the challenges of civil liability for AI and robot-induced damages.
What the document contains
The paper covers the legal nature of robots in civil law, the application and limitations of traditional civil liability rules (such as liability for things and vicarious liability), product liability frameworks, and emerging international legal proposals regarding robot damages.
The document does not provide binding legislation, enforceable regulatory codes, or detailed technical safety standards for robot manufacturing.
- Traditional civil liability rules are inadequate to address damages caused by artificial intelligence and robots.
- Robots cannot be considered legal persons or subordinates under traditional vicarious liability rules, remaining classified instead as things or movables.
- Applying the traditional rules of liability for things or defective products poses significant legal challenges in the context of autonomous robots.
- Modern legislative trends, such as the European Union's rules on robotics, propose innovative concepts like the 'human agent' to assign responsibility.
- The study recommends that the Iraqi legislature amend its civil law as a preliminary step toward recognizing the legal personality of robots in the future.
· Introduction · The concept of the robot and its legal nature · The basis of liability for robot damage under traditional rules · The basis of liability for robot damage in light of modern trends · Conclusion and recommendations
How it scores
Each score is backed by a quote verified against the document text. Editorial review has not yet confirmed them.
Accountability
4/5Clear responsibility for AI outcomes
تتمثل إشكالية موضوع البحث في قصور قواعد المسؤولية المدنية التقليدية عن مواجهة أضرار الإنسان الآلي، وتحديد الشخص المسؤول عنه وأساس مسؤوليته ومن ثم صعوبة حصول المتضرر على التعويض
إشكالية موضوع البحث وتساؤلاته
screening score · 2026-10-23
Fairness
0/5Non-discrimination and equitable treatment
N/A
screening score · 2026-10-23
Human Dignity
0/5Respect for the inherent worth of persons
N/A
screening score · 2026-10-23
Privacy
0/5Protection of personal data and private life
N/A
screening score · 2026-10-23
Transparency
0/5Openness about how AI systems work and are used
N/A
screening score · 2026-10-23
Enforcement
0/5Consequences and compliance mechanisms with real force
N/A
screening score · 2026-10-23
Impact Assessment
0/5Required assessment of an AI system's risks/impacts before or during use
N/A
screening score · 2026-10-23