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Record STMT-WEC3837Soft law

Limits of criminal law regulation of robotics

Пределы уголовно-правового регулирования робототехники

Position paper State lawEastern Europe · RUin force

This academic article analyzes the intersectoral legal relationships surrounding robotics and artificial intelligence, focusing on the limits of criminal and civil liability. It examines the classification of robots as sources of increased danger, the role of autonomy, and the gaps in current legislation regarding software developers and military robotics. The author evaluates existing mechanisms for compensating harm caused by civil, semi-autonomous, and fully autonomous systems under Russian and comparative law.

Summary and content fields are drawn from the document text and are pending editorial review.

Who issued it

Kazan Innovative University named after V. G. TimiryasovAcademic · RU
Publisher
Legal forceSoft law
Under whose authorityState law
Judged fromfull text

Who it governs

Researchers and academicsLegislatorsRegulatorsCompanies

Legal scholars, lawmakers, and practitioners seeking an in-depth analysis of civil and criminal liability frameworks for robotics and artificial intelligence.

Sectors
Cross-sectorDefence and security · military robotics

What the document contains

What's covered

The article addresses the legal qualification of robotics as sources of increased danger, mechanisms for civil and criminal liability when robots cause harm, the impact of robot autonomy on accountability, and comparative approaches to autonomous vehicle accidents and liability insurance.

What's missing

The text does not provide specific statutory provisions or a comprehensive legislative draft, focusing instead on doctrinal analysis and identified legal gaps.

Key takeaways
  • Controlled and semi-controlled robots can be recognized as sources of increased danger under civil law.
  • Current civil legislation lacks mechanisms to hold software developers for robots directly accountable.
  • The degree of public danger and the extent of damage serve as primary criteria to distinguish civil torts from criminal offenses involving robotics.
  • Liability insurance for developers and owners plays an essential role in mitigating risks given the lack of corporate criminal liability in Russian law.
  • Compensation for harm caused by military-type service robots in combat operations remains largely unregulated.
Principles it states
Intersectoral interaction and compatibility between civil, administrative, and criminal normsStrict liability for owners of sources of increased danger regardless of fault, barring exceptional circumstances
Outline
· 1. Введение
· 2. Основное исследование
  - 2.1. Возмещение вреда, причиненного гражданскими роботами, и пределы уголовной ответственности
  - 2.2. Возмещение вреда, причиненного военными роботами, и пределы уголовной ответственности
· 3. Выводы
Issued9 June 2021
Length9,315 words · 22 pages
FormatNot recorded
Scopenational

How it scores

Pending review

Each score is backed by a quote verified against the document text. Editorial review has not yet confirmed them.

Accountability

4/5

Clear responsibility for AI outcomes

В гражданском законодательстве отсутствуют механизмы привлечения к ответственности разработчиков программного обеспечения для роботов

3. Выводы

screening score · 2026-10-23

Fairness

0/5

Non-discrimination and equitable treatment

screening score · 2026-10-23

Human Dignity

0/5

Respect for the inherent worth of persons

screening score · 2026-10-23

Privacy

0/5

Protection of personal data and private life

screening score · 2026-10-23

Transparency

1/5

Openness about how AI systems work and are used

а также вследствие недостоверной или недостаточной информации о товаре

2.1. Возмещение вреда, причиненного гражданскими роботами, и пределы уголовной ответственности

screening score · 2026-10-23

Impact Assessment

3/5

Required assessment of an AI system's risks/impacts before or during use

обязательность оценки воздействия на окружающую среду при принятии решений об осуществлении хозяйственной и иной деятельности

2.1. Возмещение вреда, причиненного гражданскими роботами, и пределы уголовной ответственности

screening score · 2026-10-23

Topics

Physical AI Governancecontext
robotics artificial_intelligence criminal_law civil_liability sources_of_increased_danger autonomy