Records

This academic research article analyzes whether the current patent regime is sufficient to evaluate software-implemented works, 3D printing, and robotics to detect potential infringements. It concludes that current regulations do not adequately address these disruptive technologies and argues that new legal regulations are needed to overcome uncertainties regarding the protection scope of AI-generated works.

The roadmap published by the Centre for Data Ethics and Innovation (CDEI) outlines steps to build a mature AI assurance ecosystem in the UK over five years. It addresses information and communication gaps in AI development by promoting assurance tools, standards, professionalization, and supportive regulation. The document establishes six priority areas to foster trust, support innovation, and position the UK as a leader in AI assurance.

This academic article explores the concept of robot standing as a useful speculative tool that can assist in the anticipatory governance of social robots. It argues that engaging with speculative concepts regarding the potential moral and legal status of artificial agents is an important part of the process of constituting social robots as objects of governance. Rather than dismissing such speculations as mere hubris, the paper contends that rigorous philosophical engagement with futuristic robot capabilities helps shape policy ideas and critical analysis.

This research article systematically explores the key facets of human-centered artificial intelligence for trustworthy robots and autonomous systems (RAS). It identifies five key properties of trustworthy RAS—safety, security, system health, human-machine interaction, and legal/ethical compliance—and examines the challenges and AI opportunities in implementing them. Finally, it proposes a new acceptance model of RAS to ensure both worthiness and trustiness for human adoption and highlights the goal of augmenting human capabilities.

This paper proposes datasheets for datasets as a standardized documentation process for machine learning datasets, analogous to component datasheets in the electronics industry. The framework aims to increase transparency and accountability, mitigate unwanted societal biases, and help researchers select appropriate datasets by documenting motivation, composition, collection process, preprocessing, uses, distribution, and maintenance. The authors present a comprehensive set of questions and a workflow designed to be answered by dataset creators across the dataset lifecycle.

This academic article analyzes legal approaches to protecting human rights during the mass introduction of artificial intelligence and robotic systems into public life. It focuses on the legal regulation of remote biometric identification and social credit systems across jurisdictions including the UK, USA, EU, and China. The authors examine how different models balance state security needs against civil liberties and privacy rights.

This academic article provides an exploratory ethical analysis of gender stereotyping in robotics used for eldercare, utilizing a principlist framework covering autonomy, care, and justice. The authors examine the moral problems and conflicts arising from gender stereotypes in care robots and evaluate three potential solutions: explanation, neutralization, and queering. Ultimately, they conclude that the queering of robotics and gender-fluid robot design offer an innovative perspective that warrants closer ethical and social examination.

This academic paper proposes and analyzes a novel legal liability regime called manufacturer residual liability (MRL) for robot-related accidents. Under MRL, operators and victims remain liable for negligence while manufacturers bear residual liability for non-negligent accidents. The economic model demonstrates that MRL achieves second-best efficiency by incentivizing efficient human care, R&D investments in safer robots, and the adoption of safer technologies in the marketplace.

This document is a formal declaration of validity issued by the Mexican Secretariat of Economy for the Mexican Standard NMX-J-813-2-ANCE-2021, concerning safety requirements for industrial robots and robotic devices. It specifies safety requirements for the integration of industrial robots, robot systems, and cells, including design, manufacturing, operation, maintenance, and decommissioning. The standard enters into force 180 calendar days after its publication in the Official Gazette.

Italy's National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence 2022-2024 outlines a comprehensive framework to strengthen the country's AI research ecosystem, attract talent, and boost technology adoption across businesses and the public administration. It is built on six strategic objectives, eleven priority sectors, and twenty-four specific policies funded largely through the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP) and other national funds. The strategy emphasizes a human-centric, reliable, and sustainable approach to AI aligned with European Union guidelines and regulatory proposals.

The UNESCO Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence is a globally adopted normative instrument that establishes ethical values and principles to guide the development and deployment of AI technologies. It provides a comprehensive framework centered on human dignity, human rights, gender equality, and the protection of the environment. Furthermore, it outlines specific policy areas for member states to implement, ranging from ethical impact assessment and data governance to education, culture, and labor.

The Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence, adopted by UNESCO in November 2021, establishes a universal normative framework to guide the ethical development and deployment of artificial intelligence systems. It sets out foundational values centered on human rights, human dignity, environmental flourishing, diversity, and peaceful societies. Furthermore, it outlines specific principles such as proportionality, safety, fairness, transparency, and human oversight, accompanied by concrete policy actions across multiple domains.

This document outlines the second phase of France's national artificial intelligence strategy, launched as part of the France 2030 plan. It mobilizes over 2 billion euros in public-private co-investments to focus on talent development, turning research potential into economic success, and advancing trustworthy, embedded, and energy-frugal AI. Key measures include massive investments in training, scaling up startups, and deploying demonstrator projects for sustainable sectors.

This press dossier outlines the second phase of France's National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence (2021-2025), backed by 2.22 billion euros in public and private funding. It focuses on massively increasing AI training and skills, establishing leadership in embedded, frugal, and trustworthy AI, and accelerating the adoption of AI systems across the economy and public sector. The strategy builds on the successes of its 2018-2022 predecessor by strengthening research capabilities, supercomputing access, and startup growth.

ISO/IEC TR 24027:2021 is a technical report that addresses bias in relation to artificial intelligence systems, with a particular focus on AI-aided decision-making. It describes measurement techniques and methods for assessing bias to address and treat bias-related vulnerabilities across all phases of the AI system lifecycle. The document covers phases including data collection, training, continual learning, design, testing, evaluation, and use.

This document contains remarks delivered by Hon. Khumbudzo Ntshavheni, Minister of Communications and Digital Technologies of South Africa, at the Africa ICT Ministers Forum in Namibia in November 2021. The speech addresses the significance of Artificial Intelligence for Africa's economic development, emphasizing the need for a coordinated, continental approach, ethical deployment, and the establishment of an African Union AI blueprint. It highlights existing AI initiatives in South Africa and across the continent while discussing the challenges and prerequisites for effective AI regulation and innovation in Africa.

This academic paper addresses the ethical, safety, and control challenges posed by the emerging technology of autonomously reproducing and evolving robots. It discusses risks related to robot multiplication, maladaptation, and domination, and proposes solutions such as centralized reproduction centers, prediction systems, and value loading to ensure meaningful human control.

This whitepaper provides a strategic approach to artificial intelligence in Aotearoa New Zealand, adapting the World Economic Forum framework to establish the country as an exemplar of excellence and trust in AI. It examines current AI research capabilities across local universities, addresses the economic and social implications of AI adoption, and highlights the vital importance of incorporating Māori data sovereignty and bicultural values. Finally, it outlines concrete recommendations spanning scientific research, talent development, industrialisation, ethical standards, data infrastructure, and government leadership.

La Recommandation sur l'éthique de l'intelligence artificielle est le premier standard mondial de l'UNESCO sur l'éthique de l'IA. Adoptée en novembre 2021 par 193 États membres, elle place la protection des droits humains et de la dignité au cœur de ses priorités. Le texte s'appuie sur des principes fondamentaux tels que la transparence, l'équité et la responsabilité humaine dans le contrôle des systèmes d'IA, et fournit des domaines d'action stratégique pour guider les décideurs politiques.

The Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence is a global standard adopted by UNESCO member states in November 2021. It establishes a human rights-centered framework for the ethical development, deployment, and governance of artificial intelligence. Grounded in core values like human dignity and environmental sustainability, the standard combines foundational principles with concrete policy recommendations.

The UNESCO Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence is the first global standard on AI ethics, adopted by 193 Member States in November 2021. It establishes four core values and ten core principles grounded in a human rights approach to guide the development, deployment, and governance of AI. Additionally, the instrument outlines concrete policy recommendations across multiple areas to help countries implement these ethical standards responsibly.

This policy brief by Paradigm Initiative examines the landscape of artificial intelligence in Nigeria and outlines recommendations for developing a rights-respecting national AI policy. It emphasizes the need to align AI deployment with the Nigerian Constitution, international human rights standards, and data protection frameworks. The document highlights key concerns regarding data governance, algorithmic bias, public sector applications, local infrastructure, and workforce reskilling.

This technical specification analyses use cases for autonomous networks and provides a basic set of requirements for each use case. It is produced by the ITU-T Focus Group on Autonomous Networks to study core autonomous behaviors, applications, and architectural guidance. The document outlines scenarios such as knowledge management, simulation configuration, automation loops, and machine learning integration.

This academic chapter reviews and expands on current ethical research concerning human-robot collaboration in industrial settings. It identifies established ethical concerns such as job loss, labor reorganization, and informed consent, while proposing new ethical aspects including emotional impact on workers, limited movement effects, and performance monitoring chilling effects. Ultimately, the paper aims to foster new forms of moral learning for assessing ethical acceptability on the factory floor.

This academic article explores the ethical implications of space colonization and resource exploitation, arguing that artificial intelligence and robotics can contribute to a new form of ethical regulation in the space economy. It proposes integrating exohumanities and social exosciences with technological development to prevent the replication of terrestrial extractive capitalism in space. The author calls for transdisciplinary research frameworks to ensure space exploration prioritizes sustainability, human dignity, and global equity.

This academic paper develops a research agenda for the ethics of artificial intelligence and autonomous robots within the agri-food sector. The authors review existing literature on general AI robotics across five key themes: autonomy and moral agency, moral status, responsibility and liability, relationships with sentient beings, and the division of labor. They evaluate the direct relevance of these debates for agricultural settings and propose a new research focus that encompasses broader concerns such as accessibility, benefit distribution, animal welfare, and environmental impacts.

This academic research paper analyzes the ethical aspects of human-cobot (collaborative robot) cooperation in industrial production workplaces. Based on empirical analysis of industrial companies, the authors propose a process standard and code of ethics to manage hybrid workplaces effectively. The study outlines key performance indicators and prerequisites for establishing ethically stable human-cobot collaboration.

This academic paper presents a generic approach to developing an accountability system for autonomous robots consisting of a system event logger, message producer, distributed event streaming platform, and a database. The proposed solution is tested in assessment scenarios to define strategies that minimize the impact of auditing and logging tasks on robot performance. Published in September 2021 as a conference chapter, it analyzes performance strategies for accountability systems in robotics.

This academic article critically examines the relational approach to robot rights, arguing that relationalism fails to escape anthropocentrism. The author contends that relationalism is actually a form of neo-anthropocentrism that recenters human values and perceptions, functions indirectly as a properties-based approach, and leads to absurd practical implications due to human anthropomorphism. Ultimately, the paper challenges proponents of robot relationalism to clarify and further develop their theories within environmental ethics frameworks.

The Belgium AI Strategy Report outlines a multi-level governance approach to artificial intelligence across the federal state, Flanders, the Walloon Region, and the Brussels-Capital Region. It details policy actions and funding aimed at boosting human capital, stimulating research and innovation, encouraging networking, regulating ethically, and improving data infrastructure. The strategy also highlights various AI initiatives addressing societal challenges such as climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic.

This report provides an overview of public policies, legal frameworks, and practical uses of artificial intelligence in Ghana, with a specific focus on the legal services sector. It highlights that Ghana currently lacks a comprehensive statutory definition or overarching regulatory framework specifically for AI. However, existing laws such as the Data Protection Act 2012 and the Copyright Act 2005 intersect with AI development, particularly concerning data privacy and intellectual property.

The UK's National AI Strategy sets out a ten-year vision to make Britain a global AI superpower by investing in the long-term needs of the AI ecosystem, ensuring AI benefits all sectors and regions, and governing AI effectively. Built on three core pillars, the strategy addresses critical drivers such as skills, data, compute, and finance, while establishing a pro-innovation regulatory environment and promoting ethical standards. Published in September 2021 by the UK government, it provides a comprehensive framework to foster innovation, protect public values, and maintain the UK's leadership in artificial intelligence.

This research paper examines the methodological and practical considerations of ethically designing a robotic platform to support disabled employees in the workplace. Utilizing ethnography and design fictions, the authors detail a collaborative approach involving stakeholders to uncover unintended consequences of introducing AI and robotics into socially complex environments. The study proposes a robot platform design that acts as an assistant to enhance work experiences while maintaining operational efficiency.

This Master of Arts thesis examines the intersections of artificial intelligence, Christian ethics, and philosophical perspectives on human ontology and moral standing. It compares theological anthropocentrism and property-based arguments against secular Neo-Darwinian and physicalist frameworks regarding machine intelligence. The author analyzes whether artificial intelligence can replicate human cognitive faculties, achieve consciousness, or merit equal moral and religious status.

This academic critical review examines current safety standards and regulations in light of human-robot interaction (HRI) and artificial intelligence. The authors argue that safety has historically been interpreted narrowly to cover only physical and mechanical risks, neglecting crucial dimensions such as cybersecurity, mental health, and psychosocial impacts. The paper proposes a comprehensive reconceptualization of safety spanning physical, social, cyber, temporal, and societal dimensions to help policymakers and standard makers address evolving robotic and AI capabilities.

This report by the Expert Group on How AI Principles Should be Implemented details the current state of AI governance trends in Japan and globally, examining risk-based approaches, international standards, and multi-layered governance structures. It analyzes the gap between high-level AI principles and practical corporate implementation, proposing the use of legally non-binding corporate governance guidelines rather than heavy prescriptive regulation. Finally, the report outlines future challenges such as ensuring corporate incentives, government use of AI, and international harmonization.

This academic paper is a scoping review exploring the ethical literature surrounding rescue and disaster robotics. The authors identify six relevant peer-reviewed papers through a structured screening process and highlight seven core ethical themes: fairness and discrimination, false or excessive expectations, labor replacement, privacy, responsibility, safety, and trust. The review concludes that while the literature is scant and disparate, the identified papers uniformly endorse a proactive approach to handling ethical concerns before rescue robots become ubiquitous.

This policy issued by the Dubai Health Authority sets out regulatory and ethical requirements for the provision and use of artificial intelligence solutions in healthcare. It establishes governance frameworks covering accountability, transparency, safety, security, and data privacy for licensed healthcare facilities, professionals, developers, insurers, and researchers within Dubai. The document also details minimum acceptable requirements for AI tools, developer obligations, end-user responsibilities, and enforcement mechanisms.

This report by the Budapest Centre for Mass Atrocities Prevention compiles publicly available data on the use of artificial intelligence technologies during the Syrian conflict. It highlights how various state and non-state actors have utilized AI and autonomous systems for military operations and human rights violations, while also noting constructive applications such as humanitarian relief, reconstruction, and psychological support. The paper concludes with an urgent call for comprehensive, legally binding international legislation on the development and use of AI in conflict zones.

This academic paper describes the preparation and application of a novel method called the Virtual Witness Testimony role-play interview, designed to investigate hazardous human-robot interactions safely. By conducting online role-play scenarios where participants observe the aftermath of an accident involving a social robot, the research team gathered qualitative data while upholding commitments to Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI). The authors argue that this online role-play approach is a flexible, efficient, and ethical method that can benefit human-robot interaction research and advance responsibility in robotics.

This World Health Organization guidance document outlines the ethics and governance of artificial intelligence in the health sector. Developed through expert deliberation, it identifies ethical challenges and risks while establishing six consensus principles and a set of recommendations to ensure AI technologies benefit public health globally.

This study analyzes how ethical conduct is reported and discussed in human-robot interaction (HRI) research involving human participants. By reviewing 73 papers from three major HRI publication outlets across five ethical principles—ethical board approval, informed consent, data protection and privacy, deception, and debriefing—the research shows that ethical conduct is rarely reported. The authors aim to stimulate increased acknowledgment and discussion of ethical conduct reporting within the HRI field.

This joint opinion by the European Data Protection Board and the European Data Protection Supervisor analyzes the European Commission's proposed Artificial Intelligence Act. The document welcomes the risk-based approach and the inclusion of EU institutions within the scope, but raises serious concerns regarding data protection implications, enforcement independence, and the need for broader prohibitions on intrusive AI practices such as social scoring and mass biometric identification.

This independent report prepared for the G7 by the pandemic preparedness partnership outlines a roadmap to reduce the impact of future pandemics by ensuring diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines are available within 100 days. It offers recommendations across research and development, clinical trials, manufacturing, financing, and rules of the road for international coordination. The strategy emphasizes proactive R&D against priority viral families and strengthening global health architecture.

This academic article analyzes the intersectoral legal relationships surrounding robotics and artificial intelligence, focusing on the limits of criminal and civil liability. It examines the classification of robots as sources of increased danger, the role of autonomy, and the gaps in current legislation regarding software developers and military robotics. The author evaluates existing mechanisms for compensating harm caused by civil, semi-autonomous, and fully autonomous systems under Russian and comparative law.

This academic paper examines the implementation of artificial intelligence and robotic systems into law enforcement practice, focusing on decision-making models, safety, reliability, and legality. It proposes a production model for security robots incorporating basic parameters, standard scenarios, production rules, prohibitions, and restrictions. Additionally, it highlights the necessity of a unified, certified knowledge base created through manufacturer cooperation and expert oversight to govern autonomous security equipment.

This academic article explores the legal and ethical challenges associated with the deployment of robots and autonomous artificial intelligence systems in healthcare, with a specific focus on the COVID-19 health crisis. It examines issues related to product liability, regulatory structures, safety, commercialization, and the protection of health-related personal data when utilizing care, surgical, and diagnostic robots. The paper highlights the urgent need for legal reforms and critical thinking regarding the integration of emerging technologies in medical settings.

This academic paper examines recent proposals advocating for robot rights and moral status, analyzing the philosophical arguments behind the relational turn, ethical behaviorism, and rejection of the is/ought distinction. The author argues that these proposals are unmotivated, rely on problematic philosophical assumptions, and fail to establish that current or near-term AI systems possess moral status. Furthermore, the paper suggests that human tendencies to empathize with objects lead to a 'derived moral status' rather than intrinsic moral patiency, concluding that present-day robots do not warrant rights.

This academic paper investigates the multifaceted interplay between artificial intelligence, robotics, law, and society, examining future scenarios of human-robot symbiosis. It analyzes legal, social, economic, gender, and ethical perspectives regarding intelligent autonomous agents and artificial general intelligence. The author argues that current legal and societal frameworks are largely unprepared for the prevalence of sophisticated robots and highlights the urgent need for multidisciplinary stakeholder discussions.

This academic article examines Japanese and East Asian cultural-ethical traditions, such as Seken and Ba, and their influence on how people evaluate artificial intelligence, human-robot interaction, and privacy-related issues in the informatized era. The author presents empirical research findings and alternative worldviews to overcome the loss of plurality of meanings caused by techno-determinism. By exploring existential-ethical views oriented toward oneness of meanings, the paper provides an intercultural information ethics perspective on modern technologies.